Can the Raspberry Pi 5 (16 GB) run d1 3B?

Barely: it runs very slowly

Very slow. At Q8_0 it needs about 5.0 GB of 13.6 GB usable and makes one decision in about 9.2 s.

Best quant: Q8_0
Time per decision: 9.2 s
Decisions per second: 0.1/s
Input assumed: 256 tokens
Returns: Probability or score

Best app to run it on the Raspberry Pi 5 (16 GB)

On Linux on ARM boards

Python library · runs on PyTorch (Transformers)

A few lines of Python with Transformers or Sentence Transformers; easiest for scripts and notebooks.

python -c "from transformers import pipeline; print(pipeline('text-classification', model='LiquidAI/d1-3B')('text'))"

How we choose: the files published for this model, your operating system and GPU, whether it fits fully in memory, and published speed tests (MLX vs llama.cpp on Apple silicon, vLLM vs llama.cpp vs Ollama on NVIDIA). Details.

Download d1 3B

Recommended for the Raspberry Pi 5 (16 GB): Q8_0. Every other quantization has its own download link in the table below.

Quickest · Ollama

One command downloads a ready-to-run version and starts a chat.

Get Ollama at ollama.com/download (opens in a new tab) · model page (opens in a new tab)

ollama run d1:3b-q8_0

Quantized files · GGUF

Works in LM Studio, llama.cpp, Jan and Ollama. No sign-in needed.

Download the Q8_0 file (opens in a new tab)

huggingface.co/LiquidAI/d1-3B-GGUF (opens in a new tab)

ollama run hf.co/LiquidAI/d1-3B-GGUF:Q8_0

Original weights · Hugging Face

Full-precision files from Liquid AI, for Transformers, Sentence Transformers, Text Embeddings Inference, Infinity or vLLM.

huggingface.co/LiquidAI/d1-3B (opens in a new tab)

No sign-in needed.

Links checked 1 day ago against Hugging Face, Ollama and GitHub.

How it’s rated

Quality 82Great quality (A) · 82 of 100: how capable the model is at Q8_0, whatever it runs on. Match score 78/100 (quality, fit, speed and memory use) sets the ranking.: How capable the model itself is at Q8_0, from its editorial quality tier scaled by the quantization or precision. It’s the same on any hardware that runs this variant. Scale: A+ 85+ · A 70+ · B 55+ · C 40+ · D under 40.
Runs Very slow: How well it runs on the Raspberry Pi 5 (16 GB): speed, capped by how well it fits in memory. Runs great: 30+ tokens/s (or near the image, video or decision speed target) · Runs well: 10+ tokens/s · Slow: 3+ tokens/s · Very slow: under 3 · Won’t run: doesn’t fit even with offload. A tight fit or RAM offload caps it at Runs well; heavy offload caps it at Slow.

Match score

To order lists, each result also gets a match score out of 100 from four parts. It favors the most capable model that still runs well.

PrecisionEditorial precision tier from the model’s published benchmarks, scaled by the quantization or precision used.	36.9 / 45
Memory fitFull marks when the model fits in the share of unified memory the GPU can use; fewer when it goes past that limit.	25.0 / 25
SpeedTime for one decision against a 100 ms target: reading the input plus any tokens the model writes.	1.6 / 15
ClarityHow easy the answer is to use in code: a probability or score earns the most, written feedback before a score the least.	15.0 / 15
Match score	78.5 / 100

The match score orders results; it is not shown as a grade. Quality and Runs are the two ratings in the tables.

Every quantization on the Raspberry Pi 5 (16 GB)

Quant	Memory needed	Available	Speed	Runs	Quality	Download
`Q4_K_M`	3.6 GB	13.6 GB	9.1 s	Very slow	77Great quality (A) · 77 of 100: how capable the model is at Q4_K_M, whatever it runs on. Match score 76/100 (quality, fit, speed and memory use) sets the ranking.	GGUF (opens in a new tab)
`Q5_K_M`	3.9 GB	13.6 GB	9.1 s	Very slow	79Great quality (A) · 79 of 100: how capable the model is at Q5_K_M, whatever it runs on. Match score 77/100 (quality, fit, speed and memory use) sets the ranking.	GGUF files (opens in a new tab)
`Q6_K`	4.3 GB	13.6 GB	9.1 s	Very slow	81Great quality (A) · 81 of 100: how capable the model is at Q6_K, whatever it runs on. Match score 78/100 (quality, fit, speed and memory use) sets the ranking.	GGUF files (opens in a new tab)
`Q8_0`	5.0 GB	13.6 GB	9.2 s	Very slow	82Great quality (A) · 82 of 100: how capable the model is at Q8_0, whatever it runs on. Match score 78/100 (quality, fit, speed and memory use) sets the ranking.	GGUF (opens in a new tab)
`F16`	8.0 GB	13.6 GB	9.6 s	Very slow	82Great quality (A) · 82 of 100: how capable the model is at F16, whatever it runs on. Match score 78/100 (quality, fit, speed and memory use) sets the ranking.	GGUF (opens in a new tab) Original weights (opens in a new tab)

Times are for one request with a 256-token input and about 1 tokens written. Batching servers process many requests at once.

Other hardware that runs it

82Great quality (A) · 82 of 100: how capable the model is at F16, whatever it runs on. Match score 91/100 (quality, fit, speed and memory use) sets the ranking. AMD Radeon RX 7900 XTX F16 · 28 ms · Runs great
82Great quality (A) · 82 of 100: how capable the model is at F16, whatever it runs on. Match score 91/100 (quality, fit, speed and memory use) sets the ranking. AMD Radeon RX 9070 XT F16 · 37 ms · Runs great
82Great quality (A) · 82 of 100: how capable the model is at F16, whatever it runs on. Match score 91/100 (quality, fit, speed and memory use) sets the ranking. AMD Ryzen AI Max+ 395 (128 GB) F16 · 75 ms · Runs great
82Great quality (A) · 82 of 100: how capable the model is at F16, whatever it runs on. Match score 91/100 (quality, fit, speed and memory use) sets the ranking. Apple M2 Ultra (192 GB) F16 · 67 ms · Runs great
82Great quality (A) · 82 of 100: how capable the model is at F16, whatever it runs on. Match score 91/100 (quality, fit, speed and memory use) sets the ranking. Apple M3 Ultra (256 GB) F16 · 65 ms · Runs great
82Great quality (A) · 82 of 100: how capable the model is at F16, whatever it runs on. Match score 91/100 (quality, fit, speed and memory use) sets the ranking. Apple M3 Ultra (512 GB) F16 · 65 ms · Runs great

Estimates come from published hardware specs and our open formulas, not from running the model on your machine. Real speed varies with runtime, drivers and settings. Numbers marked “Measured” come from a linked benchmark.